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Terry Cartwright's Articles


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A Balance Sheet Is A Financial Statement Of Assets And Liabilities The balance sheet is a financial statement of the assets and liabilities of a business or organisation at a specific date. The main balances reported being separated between fixed and current assets, current and long term liabilities to provide a snapshot of the financial standing of the business. A Revenue Budget Is An Essential Management Information Tool The revenue budget is an essential business management accounting tool monitoring actual financial performance against the approved financial targets. Fixing a budget produces few tangible improvements in financial performance unless it is structured to reflect the financial performance of individual activity areas and management responsibility within the business. Accounting And Audit Exemptions For Small Companies In The UK Small and medium sized companies in the UK can take advantage of supplying abbreviated year end accounts to Companies House which have not been audited by independent accountants. This guide sets out the conditions under which abbreviated accounts can be submitted. Accounting for dividend tax credit and income tax on dividends Calculating the dividend tax credit and understanding the position with regard to income tax on dividends. Accounting For Profit With Marginal Costing Marginal costing is an accounting term in which costs and expenses are identified by their variability according to the volume of goods bought or produced. By analysing costs according to the variability in prices can significantly improve profit efficiency levels within a business. Accounting Periods And Basis Periods For Self Employed Business Accounts are required each year for tax and financial control purposes with preset dates by which those accounting records must be submitted and penalties for failure to deliver on time. While in the UK self employed business can use its own accounting period the tax position can become more complex if the accounts use a basis period rather than the standard financial tax year. An Introduction To Registration And Accounting For Value Added Tax Value added tax is the tax amount added to the value of goods and services by a vat registered business when sold or transferred. Vat is not charged by businesses that are not registered for vat. This guide covers the vat threshold, accounting for value added tax, registration and submitting the quarterly vat tax return online. Annual Return And Accounting Rules For A UK Dormant Company Rules apply to dormant companies in the UK with regard to accounting documents and submission of information to companies house that needs attention even if the company has not traded during its financial year. Dormant companies risked being fined if these rules are ignored. Avoid UK Tax Problems By Knowing What Business Expenses Are Disallowed Not all expenses can be claimed as valid business expenses for tax purposes. In a number of areas there is a grey area when an expense could be a business or private expense or may be a business expense used for private purposes. Tax problems can be avoided by understanding which expenses are allowed for tax purposes and which are not allowed. Beat the Credit Squeeze With Flexible Business Finance Five proactive steps a business can take to beat the credit squeeze including business finance, planning and taking a positive approach to meeting and solving the problems that might arise. Business Tax Reform In The UK Introduces Annual Investment Allowance From 1st April 2008 for small limited companies and 6th April for unincorporated self employed businesses in the UK the previous capital allowance structure of first year allowances and writing down allowances changes to a combination of annual investment allowances and writing down allowances. Cash Flow Early Warning Signs Are Crucial When The Credit Crunch Bites Preparing a cash flow forecast can be an effective business tool in identifying adverse liquidity trends within a business at the earliest stages. Of particular importance during a credit crunch when cash flow is tight the cash flow forecast can indicate where positive action is required before those warning signs become critical. Cash Flow Management Issues Relating To Funding And Investment In A Credit Crunch Cash flow management is a critical business area every business must get right to survive. This article suggests a number of areas that a business might address to ensure the business have sufficient liquidity and working capital to survive the credit crunch and continue in business to generate profit. Choosing Outsourcing Payroll Compared With Payroll Software Every business that employs people is legally bound to run a payroll system. The three alternatives to satisfy the requirements are outsourcing payroll, using a payroll software package or calculating the payroll manually. The choice for business depends upon knowledge of the payroll system and the time and potential costs involved. Comparing Cash And Accrual Accounting Every business is required by the tax authority to keep bookkeeping records to enable the net taxable profit or loss to be calculated. While complex accounting systems can be appropriate in some circumstances the choice for small business is basically cash accounting or accrual accounting. Cost Accounting For Profit With Accounting Software Small business often accepts business expenses as inevitable and while some effort is usually made to keep expenses down it is often done without reference to the accounts. Maintaining a regular system of bookkeeping using suitable accounting software can assist the cost accounting for profit exercise by providing the source and extent of the actions to be taken. DIY Accounting Bookkeeping Spreadsheets Questions And Answers A number of questions arise when clients buy an excel spreadsheet package the majority which involve a misunderstanding of the installation procedures to be followed and in some cases not knowing that to run an excel package then either an excel program or an open source spreadsheet package must be installed. DIY Accounting Payroll Software Questions And Answers Common questions and answers from clients of DIY Accounting regarding the payroll software, many of the clients having never previously operated a paye system. DIY Accounting Spreadsheets Accounting Questions And Answers DIY Accounting small business accounting software package is a series of accounting templates written on excel accounting spreadsheets, suitable for UK self employed business whether producing an automated monthly profit and loss account and self employed tax return form. These notes detail the typical questions and answers by clients. DIY Accounting Taxi Accounting Software Questions And Answers Questions relating to the DIY Accounting cabsmart package for taxi drivers are not frequent however the most common questions and the answers which have arisen over the past few years assist other cab drivers who may encounter similar taxi accounts questions. Employees Can Claim Tax Relief Using Their Vehicle For Work Employees in the UK who use their own vehicle for work can claim tax free expenses. If an employee keeps records of business journeys and the amounts paid by an employer the employee may also be entitled to receive mileage allowance relief in addition to those expenses for the past six years. Filling The Self Assessment Tax Return Detailed Profit And Loss Account Sole traders and self employed business in the UK are required to complete a self assessment tax return. Accurate accounting records are required to complete the self assessment return with income and expenditure of different types being entered against specific box numbers. These notes explain how those accounting records should be entered in the income and expenditure section of the self assessment tax return form. Get Early Warning Signals From Accounting Software before They Become Critical Running a business and ignoring or having inadequate accounting software is like building a house on top of a bonfire and not bothering to fit a fire alarm. Many small businesses run into difficulties sooner or later, it is a fact of business life. Timing and how those crises are dealt with are critical to both the success and in some cases survival of the business. Getting Paid On Time And Debt Recovery When The Credit Crunch Bites Making sure customers pay on time within the terms and conditions of the business is a serious issue and critical in days of a credit crunch, Late payments and bad debts cause liquidity and cash flow problems and in the most crucial cases can force a business into insolvency. How ABookkeepers Can Advertsie Home Bookkeeping Services Internet and local media advertising are useful sources to start up and promote home bookkeeping services. By setting a financial budget for each sales channel the bookkeeper can manage the results to build the bookkeeping services. How to declare a dividend and produce the dividend voucher Procedures in declaring dividends are contained within the articles of association the formalities of which need to be observed in recording the transaction and preparing the dividend voucher. How To Set A Sales Price For Your Product Or Service Setting the selling price at which a business sells its products or services is one of the most crucial decisions a business must make. Setting a selling price too low throws money away while setting a price too high loses sales volume and inhibits growth. Improve Cash Flow By Managing Debtors And Creditors Cash flow management is a critical of the financial control that every business must get right to survive. Debtors and creditors represent two major areas which business might address to ensure sufficient liquidity and working capital to survive the credit crunch and continue in business to generate profit. Increase Small Business Profits Through Business Review And Planning There are several ways a business can improve profitability. The single most important tip for a small business owner is to take time out from the day to day routine and focus on the business and its activities. Emphasis being placed upon cost management a financial budget and business plan which should include sales and working capital requirements Lower Tax Bills And Bookkeeping For Small Business Financial record keeping and bookkeeping by small business is occasionally accurate but often produced once a year for tax purposes. By maintaining a diary, retaining all receipts and updating the accounting records on a regular weekly or monthly basis small business can seriously account for all costs and reduce the final tax bill. Lower UK Tax Bills By Knowing What Business Expenses To Claim Tax bills can be reduced if all allowable business expenses are included in costs and receipts retained as supporting evidence. While all business expenses can be claimed it would not be unusual for particularly inexperienced small businesses to fail to claim some business expenses due to uncertainty over what constitutes a valid business expense. Mileage Allowance Expenses Can Lower The Tax Burden Mileage allowances are approved rates at which anyone in the UK using a private vehicle for business journeys can claim tax free expenses for that journey. Small businesses can legally increase the tax allowance claimed by keeping better records of business journeys in the small business accounts. Most Frequently Asked Paye Questions And Answers Employers and particularly new employers ask a variety of questions in administering the PAYE scheme. The top questions and answers include tax codes, week 1 basis, employee or self employment status, national insurance, statutory sick pay and what happens when an employee does not provide a P45 from previous employment. Name A Company Using The Company Name Register Choosing a name for company during formation is not difficult but there are rules which have to be adhered to regarding the choice of company name. A company name search of the company name register is important. Networking Methods To Promote The Home Bookkeeping Services Networking by personal contact with prospective clients is undoubtedly the best way to start up and promote home bookkeeping services. There are a number of ways in which networking can be achieved by bookkeepers. In addition the range of bookkeeping services offered, qualifications and experience have an impact upon the success of each strategy. New Tax Returns In The UK For Self Employed Business HMRC published new self employment tax returns in April 2008 to replace the previous self assessment tax returns for self employed business in the UK. The self employment tax returns are applicable from the financial year ending 5 April 2007. Similar to the previous self assessment forms the new tax returns are in two versions, full and short returns, dependent upon the level of sales income. Not Knowing The Rules Governing Employee Or Self Employed Status Could Cost Thousands An employer who has doubt over status of a worker being an employee or self employed may face potential serious penalties if the status is changed Producing a Successful Business Plan To Start A New Business Every new business start up has a business plan that varies in sophistication from a few brief thoughts, an idea or aspiration to a formal written document setting out all major elements. Preparing a business plan is essential if grants are to be applied for or money is being borrowed to fund the start up. The strong message being that potential lenders regard a business plan as essential. Pros And Cons Of Doing The Bookkeeping Or Outsourcing To A Bookkeeping Service All small businesses have to choose between keeping manual records of financial transactions and the benefits, advantages and disadvantages of utilising bookkeeping software and or employing bookkeeping services for this purpose. The correct choice will vary from business to business but a choice should be made to achieve the best financial performance. Sales Accounting For Profit With Accounting Software Many small businesses concentrate on the job in hand and treat bookkeeping as an administrative burden. By adopting suitable accounting software as an essential tool of the business the financial performance can be improved by taking positive management action on the sales and profit generated. Save Cash And Improve Liquidity By Stock Management When times get hard and 2008 has all the hallmarks of being a difficult financial year control over cash flow is critical. The best defence in these days of the credit crunch is to introduce and monitor cash flow liquidity at the earliest stage of which stock levels and inventory control can be crucial elements Self Assessment Tax Return Form And Capital Tax Allowances The capital allowances section of the self assessment tax return form is the most difficult for people who are self employed and not conversant with at least a minimum knowledge of accounting and the tax system. Completing the self assessment tax return requires the self employed businessman to understand the tax system as applied to capital allowances that can be claimed against fixed assets. Self Employment Registration And The Self Assessment Tax Return Form Everyone who starts a business in the UK is required to register that business within three months of starting up the new business or receive a penalty fine for non registration. Having registered as self employed the trader will be required to complete the Inland Revenue self assessment tax return form each year. Simple Bookkeeping Spreadsheets Can Save Small Business Money Every business is required to keep a set of financial records to enable those accounts to be submitted and the tax payable calculated. Bookkeeping is the prime stage in keeping those books and at its most basic level does not require high levels of accounting knowledge and experience and accountant fees can be saved. Simple Bookkeeping Spreadsheets For Small Business There is a major difference between sophisticated accounting software used by larger businesses for financial control purposes than is required for small business where a simple bookkeeping spreadsheet is sufficient. Single Entry Is Simple While Double Entry Bookkeeping May Be The Only Option The bookkeeping system adopted by a business is based upon double entry principles for all limited companies but self employed businesses may use a single entry bookkeeping system if a statement of assets and liabilities is not required. Bookkeeping is the recording of the prime financial transactions of a business usually by a bookkeeper or accounts clerk in the business books. Small Business Accounting Software Can Improve Business Performance A talented entrepreneur may have all the skills in the world but only achieves the desired level of financial performance by paying acute attention to the profitability of the business. Small business accounting software is a vital management tool to broaden the management function to include accounting and finance and improve business performance. Small Business Accounting Software Selection And Priorities Maintaining accounting records can be difficult for any business, especially self employed and small business organisations where a lack of accounting knowledge can be prohibitive. Selecting the right accounting software for your business can seriously improve financial performance. Tax Inspectors Are Professionals But Not Unbeatable The vast majority of tax returns are not enquired into by HMRC and are accepted as reasonable. When HMRC investigate the tax return of a small business the inadequacies of the accounting, lack of knowledge by the enquired and professionalism by the tax inspector often results in a higher tax bill. Things You Need To Know Before The Vat Inspection Trained vat officers do inspect company accounts on a regular basis and know exactly the types of errors likely to be uncovered. Up to date accounting records are required by all vat registered businesses and may contain common errors and misunderstandings which can cost the business dearly. UK Accounting Reference Dates For Private Limited Companies All companies and self employed businesses including dormant non trading companies have a legal requirement to keep a set of annual financial accounts for tax purposes. There are rules governing the accounting year end date at which the set of accounts is made up which have advantages and disadvantages to the business. Wages Salaries And Paye Administration The PAYE system is a payroll administration system whereby employers deduct on a weekly or monthly basis income tax and national insurance contributions from employees wages and salaries. The PAYE administration involves the calculation of deductions, often performed by payroll software, and the tax returns and forms required by the tax authority which in the UK is the Inland Revenue. What Happens Next After A UK Limited Liability Company Formation After forming a company in the UK the directors have a number of immediate responsibilities in regard to the newly registered company. Share certificates should be issued, statutory registers implemented and updated, affixing the company name and noting critical dates to avoid penalty fines and the implementation of a financial control system. What To Include In The Financial Section Of A Successful Business Plan Preparing the financial section of a business plan is more than scribbling some pleasing numbers on a sheet of paper. The end result of every business plan is not how great the business start up will be or the tremendous skills to be employed in the business but the bottom line. What You Need To Have To Be A Successful Entrepreneur The success of every small business and especially a new start up business is dependent upon the personal qualities and abilities of the small business owner. Some skills and abilities are more important than others to an entrepreneur but rarely are all qualities are required and invariably some are essential to start your own business and make it a success.

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