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Synthetic Implants And Their Potential Complications In Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery commonly uses implant materials to achieve its surgical results. Often when a plastic surgery patient needs an implant for their procedure, they will raise the concern of their body rejecting the implant. This concern indicates a basic misconception of the body's tolerance to foreign materials and when complications occur, why they do so.

In reality, the rejection of an implanted synthetic material (that has been evaluated and approved for human implantation by the FDA), in the most scientific sense, does not happen. A true rejection reaction in humans is an autoimmune response to an 'implant' that is composed of live or organic material. Therefore, you will develop a rejection or autoimmune reaction, for example, in any type of organ transplant which is from other human or animal origins. In response to an organic 'invader', your body mounts a massive protective response known as a rejection reaction. The body is quite smart and protective as this type of response is necessary for survival.

Inorganic materials, such as synthetic implants, do not elicit a true autoimmune or rejection response. These are not live materials and were never composed of living organic materials. As a result, they can not elicit an allergic response. They will never integrate or become part of your body's tissues, but they can be tolerated by occupying a walled-off space. Synthetic implants, while not causing allergic responses, can cause a different set of problems which patients mistakenly interpret as 'rejection'. The most common synthetic implant problems, such as infection, exposure, or migration, are not due to a rejection phenomenon. Implant infections occur because bacteria inadvertently got on its surface at the time of surgery.Most implant infections occur within weeks of the surgery as it takes time for the bacteria to multiply and become evident. Synthetic implant migration occurs particularly in smooth implants which can easily slide away from its intended position if they are not secured into position or the pocket into which it is placed is too big. This potential migration can be eliminated if the implant is secured into its desired location by some method such as sutures or metal screws. Implant exposure can result from migration of the implant, getting close to the original incision through which it is placed. Implant exposure occurs because there is not enough good quality tissue covering it or the implant is putting too much pressure on the surrounding tissue, resulting in poor healing and potential tissue breakdown and implant exposure.

The typical synthetic implant complications are often misinterpreted as rejection of the implant. In reality, the patient's body has little to do with the development of these complications. They are more a function of surgical technique and not due to a patient's immune response to them. The risk of these potential implant complications can be reduced by pre-surgery antibiotics, a properly sized implant that does not stress the surrounding tissues, and careful surgical implantation technique.

Article Source: http://www.newagelivingarticles.com

Barry L. Eppley, MD, DMD, plastic surgeon of Indianapolis, is in private practice at Clarian North and West Medical cenetrs in suburban Indianapolis. He writes a daily blog on plastic surgery at www.exploreplasticsurgery.com

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